Our indoor environment contains a diverse microbial community. About 15 years after the recognition of the importance of the “indoor microbiome,” the field is transitioning from initial characterization toward practical applications to improve human health. This talk will detail three examples where our enhanced knowledge of the microbes in our indoor spaces has led to advancements that can impact practice. First, exposure of asthmatics to mold in housing costs $22.4 billion per year in the US alone, but techniques for quantitative detection of mold are still poorly associated with health outcomes. We demonstrate that individual fungal taxa are not consistently associated with harmful growth, but instead we need to develop mold detection strategies based on fungal function. Second, our knowledge in indoor areas can be applied to unique spaces such as the International Space Station. We developed a predictive model for when remediation on spacecraft may be necessary in the case of elevated moisture, and also describe changes to fungal function in these samples. Finally, indoor dust can be utilized as a suitable matrix to monitor for respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. This technique was successfully employed on the campus of The Ohio State University during the COVID-19 pandemic to complement wastewater surveillance and saliva testing. Overall, advances in the indoor microbiome field have encouraging potential to build tools for the promotion of human health.